The results can provide indications on CYT387 nmr which neural mechanisms can be exploited to form robust categories among objects and on which mechanisms could be implemented in artificial connectionist systems to extract concepts and categories from a continuous stream of input objects (each represented as a vector of features).”
“The influence of thermal treatment on phase transformations and structural features of mechanosynthesized chlorapatite nanopowders was investigated. Results showed that the phase composition of the product was influenced by the ball to powder weight ratio. During annealing in the range of 900-1300 degrees C for 1 h, decomposition

of chlorapatite to tricalcium phosphate, tetracalcium phosphate, and hydrochloric acid occurred. The rate of decomposition increased gradually with increasing the annealing temperature to 1300 degrees C. According to the obtained data, during milling process the lattice strain increased significantly to about 1.08%, while the crystalline size declined sharply to around 28.89 nm. After thermal treatment, the crystallite size of chlorapatite went up notably due to a dramatic decrease in residual elastic

strain. The crystallinity degree of the 5 h milled sample was about 78.14%. This value reached around 92.86% after annealing at 1300 degrees C. Scanning electron microscope Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor images indicated that the milled sample had cluster-like structure which was consisted of fine particles with a mean size of about 95 nm. During heating in the range of 900-1100 degrees C, the coalescence of nanoparticles with spheroidal and polygonal morphologies occurred. After annealing at 1300 degrees C the microstructure showed a coarse structure characterized by the presence of grains with an average size of around 3 mu m. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.”
“C2H2-type zinc selleck compound finger proteins belong to a major family of transcription factors that play a crucial role in plant stress responses. In this study, seven C2H2-type zinc finger

genes (EgrZFP1-7) in Eucalyptus grandis were cloned using the RACE PCR method. EgrZFP1-7 proteins included a QALGGH motif, two zinc finger domains, and an EAR motif. They belong to a Q-type C2H2 zinc finger protein family and are classified into the subset C1. EgrZFP4 and EgrZFP6 had a higher transcription in roots than in leaves and stems, whereas the expression of the other genes did not differ in various plant tissues. The expression of EgrZFP genes in seedlings was induced by low temperatures. Time course experiments at temperatures lower than 4 A degrees C revealed oscillating expression of EgrZFP1-6 during the cold treatment. However, EgrZFP7 showed a phasic expression pattern at the same conditions. The expression of EgrZFP1-6 was found to be enhanced by 200 mM NaCl, whereas the expression of EgrZFP7 was inhibited.