\n\nResults: On inoculated surfaces, application of Tru-D at a reflected dose of 22,000 mu Ws/cm(2) for similar to 45 minutes consistently AZD1208 reduced recovery of C. difficile spores and MRSA by >2-3 log(10) colony forming units (CFU)/cm(2) and of VRE by >3-4 log(10) CFU/cm(2). Similar killing of MRSA and VRE was achieved in similar to 20 minutes at a reflected dose of 12,000 mu Ws/cm(2), but killing

of C. difficile spores was reduced. Disinfection of hospital rooms with Tru-D reduced the frequency of positive MRSA and VRE cultures by 93% and of C. difficile cultures by 80%. After routine hospital cleaning of the rooms of MRSA carriers, 18% of sites under the edges of bedside tables (i.e., a frequently touched site not easily amenable to manual application of disinfectant) were contaminated with MRSA, versus 0% after Tru-D (P < 0.001). The system required < 5 minutes to set up and did not require continuous monitoring.\n\nConclusions: The Tru-D Rapid Room Disinfection device is a novel, automated, and efficient environmental disinfection technology that significantly reduces C. difficile, VRE and MRSA contamination on commonly touched hospital surfaces.”
“Accurate quantification of liver fibrosis is essential for therapeutic decision-making

and follow-up of chronic liver diseases.\n\nTo selleck kinase inhibitor optimize the quality of non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatopathy we compared Doppler ultrasound with liver histology and transient elastography (TE).\n\nIn this prospective observational study, we performed Doppler ultrasound of hepatic blood vessels as well as TE in 125 patients who underwent liver biopsy for diagnostic work-up of hepatopathy. Hepatic venous flow was evaluated by determining resistance Roscovitine inhibitor index (HVRI) of the right hepatic vein. Doppler and TE results were compared with histological staging, grading and degree of steatosis obtained by liver biopsy.\n\nHVRI showed a high reliability in predicting fibrosis stage FII or higher (AUROC 93.7 %, HVRI < 1.185;

sensitivity 89.66 % and specificity 86.32 %) and was superior to TE. Neither steatosis nor inflammation had significant influence on HVRI-based estimation of fibrosis (1.45 +/- A 0.2; 1.26 +/- A 0.05; 1.06 +/- A 0.06; 0.87 +/- A 0.08; 0.46 +/- A 0.11 for F0-FIV, respectively). HVRI differed significantly in different stages of fibrosis. In contrast, portal vein and hepatic artery only showed significant changes in higher stages of fibrosis. Hepatic artery resistance index was elevated (0.67-0.74; p < 0.05); portal vein flow maximum and undulation were significantly reduced in higher fibrosis (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively).\n\nHepatic blood flow analysis, especially HVRI, provides useful information during assessment of hepatopathy and is a reliable predictor of liver fibrosis stage FII or higher as part of the non-invasive diagnostic work-up and follow-up in chronic liver disease.